A healthy aquarium relies on effective filtration – the life support system that keeps your fish alive and your water crystal clear. Filtration comes in three main types: biological, chemical, and mechanical, each serving a vital role.

Biological Filtration
Biological filtration is the backbone of your aquarium’s nitrogen cycle. Colonies of beneficial bacteria break down toxic substances, converting ammonia (NH3) into nitrite (NO2) and then into less harmful nitrate (NO3). Ideal water parameters are:

• 0 ppm ammonia

• 0 ppm nitrite

• ≤10 ppm nitrate

Chemical Filtration
Chemical filtration uses additives or media to remove impurities, control odours, and improve water clarity. Common examples include activated carbon, de-chlorinators, phosphate removers, and bacterial supplements. Chemical filtration helps maintain water quality beyond what mechanical or biological filtration can achieve.

Mechanical Filtration
Mechanical filtration traps debris and particles, ensuring clear water. Filter foams, sponges, and particle traps capture everything from large particles to microscopic detritus. Using multiple foams of different coarseness levels helps keep your tank crystal clear, allowing a “HD view” of your fish. Regular maintenance prevents debris buildup and maintains efficiency.

Additional Tips for Optimal Filtration

• UV Bulbs: Always use the recommended wattage for your unit; higher wattage can damage the unit. Replace bulbs every 6–8 months for maximum efficiency.

• RO Water: Reverse osmosis water removes harmful chemicals and particles, ideal for marine tanks. Always remineralise RO water as needed for fish and plant health.

Proper understanding and maintenance of biological, chemical, and mechanical filtration will keep your aquarium thriving and visually stunning.